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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...

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When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Diode-laser-based high-precision absolute distance interferometer of 20 m range.

Florian Pollinger¹, Karl Meiners-Hagen, Martin Wedde

¹Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. Florian.Pollinger@ptb.de

|November 12, 2009

Summary

This study introduces a hybrid absolute distance measurement technique combining multiple interferometry methods. The new approach achieves high accuracy, with measurement uncertainty under 12 micrometers at 20 meters.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Metrology
Laser Interferometry

Background:

Accurate absolute distance measurement is crucial in various scientific and industrial applications.
Traditional interferometry methods face challenges in achieving high precision over long distances.
Developing robust and accurate distance measurement techniques remains an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel hybrid absolute distance measurement method.
To combine frequency sweeping, variable synthetic, and two-wavelength fixed synthetic wavelength interferometry for enhanced performance.
To experimentally validate the method's accuracy and uncertainty.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a hybrid interferometry system using two external cavity diode lasers.
Integration of frequency sweeping, variable synthetic wavelength, and two-wavelength fixed synthetic wavelength techniques.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of measurement uncertainty.

Main Results:

Successful realization of absolute distance measurements using the hybrid method.
Experimental demonstration of measurement uncertainty below 12 micrometers at a distance of 20 meters.
Theoretical validation supporting the experimental findings.

Conclusions:

The proposed hybrid absolute distance measurement method offers high precision and accuracy.
The combination of interferometric techniques effectively overcomes limitations of individual methods.
This technique holds potential for advanced metrology applications requiring precise long-distance measurements.