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Cortical computational maps control auditory perception.

H Riquimaroux1, S J Gaioni, N Suga

  • 1Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Mustached bats use echolocation to find prey. Researchers found that specific brain areas in the auditory cortex are responsible for processing target velocity and range, crucial for bat navigation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Bats utilize biosonar (echolocation) for navigation and foraging, emitting ultrasonic pulses and interpreting returning echoes.
  • The auditory cortex of bats contains specialized areas, including Doppler-shifted constant-frequency (DSCF) and frequency-modulated (FM-FM) regions, which are crucial for processing echo information.
  • These brain regions are believed to form neural maps representing target velocity (echo frequency) and target range (echo delay).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific roles of the DSCF and FM-FM areas of the bat auditory cortex in processing biosonar information.
  • To determine if selective inactivation of these cortical areas leads to specific deficits in echo perception.

Main Methods:

  • Bats were trained to perform auditory discrimination tasks involving changes in echo frequency and echo delay.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Selective inactivation of the DSCF and FM-FM cortical areas was achieved using muscimol, a GABA receptor agonist.
  • The effects of inactivation on the bats' ability to discriminate changes in echo frequency and delay were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Inactivation of the DSCF area impaired the bats' ability to discriminate changes in echo frequency (target velocity) but did not affect delay discrimination (target range).
    • Conversely, inactivation of the FM-FM area disrupted delay discrimination but left frequency discrimination intact.
    • These findings demonstrate a functional specialization within the auditory cortex for processing distinct parameters of biosonar signals.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides causal evidence that distinct cortical maps in the auditory cortex are essential for specific aspects of biosonar perception in bats.
    • Focal inactivation of the DSCF area selectively disrupts the perception of target velocity, while inactivation of the FM-FM area disrupts the perception of target range.
    • This research highlights the precise neural organization underlying sensory processing and perception in echolocating bats.