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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Published on: August 15, 2016

Xylan-based nanoparticles: prodrugs for ibuprofen release.

Stephan Daus¹, Thomas Heinze

¹Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.

Macromolecular Bioscience

|November 12, 2009

Summary

Researchers developed novel polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for drug delivery. Xylan ibuprofen esters were synthesized and modified for improved hydrophobicity, forming nanoparticles with tunable properties for enhanced therapeutic applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Published on: August 15, 2016

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: February 9, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Xylan, a natural polysaccharide, offers potential for developing biocompatible drug delivery systems.
Modifying xylan properties is crucial for optimizing nanoparticle formation and drug loading capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel xylan ibuprofen esters with high drug loading.
To modify the hydrophobicity of xylan esters through sulfation.
To investigate the self-assembly and properties of resulting polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for drug delivery.

Main Methods:

Esterification of xylan with ibuprofen using N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) for activation.
Sulfation of xylan ibuprofen esters with SO(3)/DMF to alter hydrophobicity.
Structural characterization using NMR spectroscopy.
Nanoparticle characterization via dynamic light scattering (DLS) for size analysis.
Preliminary assessment of hydrolytic stability.

Main Results:

High drug loadings of ibuprofen were achieved in xylan esters.
Successful sulfation modified the hydrophobicity of the xylan esters.
The novel xylan derivatives self-assembled into spherical nanoparticles (162–472 nm).
Hydrolytic stability decreased with increased sulfate group substitution.

Conclusions:

A new concept for polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for improved drug delivery was established.
The synthesized xylan derivatives demonstrate potential as carriers for therapeutic agents.
Tunable nanoparticle properties can be achieved through chemical modification.