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Related Concept Videos

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Torsion of Noncircular Members01:16

Torsion of Noncircular Members

Circular shafts undergoing torsional stress maintain their cross-sectional integrity due to their axisymmetric nature. This symmetry ensures an even distribution of stress, allowing the shaft to withstand torsion without distorting. In contrast, square bars, lacking this axial symmetry, experience significant distortion across their cross-sections when subjected to torsion, with the exception of along their diagonals and at lines connecting midpoints. A detailed examination of a cubic element...
Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element01:16

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To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's first...
Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
08:46

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Published on: July 24, 2018

Orientational ordering in sheared inelastic dumbbells.

K Anki Reddy1, V Kumaran, J Talbot

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In simulations of sheared inelastic dumbbells, particle orientation changes with density. At higher densities, particles align with flow, not elongation, impacting their distribution function.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Understanding particle behavior in dense systems is crucial for materials science.
  • Sheared systems exhibit complex orientational dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the orientational behavior of sheared inelastic dumbbells in two dimensions.
  • To determine how particle orientation changes with varying packing fractions.

Main Methods:

  • Event-driven simulations were employed to model particle dynamics.
  • Analysis focused on orientational order parameters and distribution functions.

Main Results:

  • At low densities, dumbbells are randomly oriented.
  • Increasing packing fraction causes alignment shifts from extensional to flow axes.
  • The orientational order parameter increases continuously with packing fraction.

Conclusions:

  • Particle orientation in sheared systems is density-dependent.
  • The orientational distribution function can be simplified at most densities.
  • No universal scaling was observed with particle elongation.