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Related Concept Videos

Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Abnormal cascading on complex networks.

Wen-Xu Wang1, Ying-Cheng Lai

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Realistic edge capacity in complex networks reveals surprising cascading failure dynamics. Increasing capacity can worsen failures, and flow heterogeneity surprisingly suppresses cascading events.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Network science
  • Complex systems analysis
  • Systems engineering

Background:

  • Cascading failures in complex networks are a critical concern.
  • Existing capacity definitions often rely on betweenness centrality and initial load.
  • Realistic modeling requires intrinsic edge capacity considering flow laws.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cascading failures with a focus on intrinsic edge capacity.
  • To explore the impact of realistic capacity definitions on failure dynamics.
  • To identify novel behaviors in network cascading processes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a model incorporating intrinsic edge capacity.
  • Numerical computations to simulate cascading failures.
  • Analysis of parameter regimes and flow distribution effects.

Main Results:

  • Cascading failure dynamics differ significantly from literature when using intrinsic edge capacity.
  • An abnormal parameter regime exists where increased edge capacity exacerbates failures.
  • Heterogeneous flow distribution was found to suppress, not enhance, cascading processes.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic edge capacity is crucial for realistic cascading failure studies.
  • Network behavior can be counterintuitive, challenging existing assumptions.
  • Findings necessitate a re-evaluation of network resilience strategies.