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Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing vector...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis
11:09

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis

Published on: October 30, 2014

Force-velocity relations for multiple-molecular-motor transport.

Ziqing Wang1, Ming Li

  • 1College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study proposes a model for cargo transport by multiple molecular motors. The system

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Motors

Background:

  • Cargo transport within cells relies on molecular motors.
  • Understanding how multiple motors coordinate is crucial for cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a transition rate model for cargo transport by N molecular motors.
  • To derive the force-velocity relationship of multimotor systems from single-motor properties.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a transition rate model for N molecular motors.
  • Assumed steady-state conditions.
  • Derived multimotor force-velocity curves from single-motor curves.

Main Results:

  • Under low load, multimotor system velocity can increase or decrease with motor number.

More Related Videos

Motility of Single Molecules and Clusters of Bi-Directional Kinesin-5 Cin8 Purified from S. cerevisiae Cells
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Motility of Single Molecules and Clusters of Bi-Directional Kinesin-5 Cin8 Purified from S. cerevisiae Cells

Published on: February 2, 2022

Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation
08:09

Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation

Published on: October 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis
11:09

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis

Published on: October 30, 2014

Motility of Single Molecules and Clusters of Bi-Directional Kinesin-5 Cin8 Purified from S. cerevisiae Cells
10:46

Motility of Single Molecules and Clusters of Bi-Directional Kinesin-5 Cin8 Purified from S. cerevisiae Cells

Published on: February 2, 2022

Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation
08:09

Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation

Published on: October 15, 2019

  • The outcome depends on the single motor's force-velocity curve.
  • Most commonly, increasing motor number leads to decreased velocity.

    • Conclusions:

    • The model provides a theoretical framework for multimotor cargo transport.
    • Findings offer a potential explanation for recent experimental observations in molecular motor behavior.