Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polymerization of recombinant Hb S-Kempsey (deoxy-R state) and Hb S-Kansas (oxy-T state).

The Journal of biological chemistry·1995
Same author

Effect of azelastine on endotoxin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.

International archives of allergy and immunology·1995
Same author

Targeted mutation in the Fas gene causes hyperplasia in peripheral lymphoid organs and liver.

Nature genetics·1995
Same author

Up-regulation of high-affinity dehydroepiandrosterone binding activity by dehydroepiandrosterone in activated human T lymphocytes.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·1995
Same author

The first observation of O2- generation at real time in vivo from non-Kupffer sinusoidal cells in perfused rat liver during acute ethanol intoxication.

FEBS letters·1995
Same author

Do-not-resuscitate orders at a teaching hospital in Japan.

The New England journal of medicine·1995

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Laser-induced Forward Transfer for Flip-chip Packaging of Single Dies
08:21

Laser-induced Forward Transfer for Flip-chip Packaging of Single Dies

Published on: March 20, 2015

Transverse-longitudinal coupling effect in laser bunch slicing.

M Shimada1, M Katoh, M Adachi

  • 1High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan. miho.shimada@kek.jp

Physical Review Letters
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed intermittent coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in electron storage rings, linked to electron motion coupling. This finding impacts controlling CSR and advancing accelerator technology for ultrashort electron bunches.

More Related Videos

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
08:48

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

Published on: November 22, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Laser-induced Forward Transfer for Flip-chip Packaging of Single Dies
08:21

Laser-induced Forward Transfer for Flip-chip Packaging of Single Dies

Published on: March 20, 2015

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
08:48

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

Published on: November 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Accelerator Physics
  • Quantum Electronics
  • Particle Beam Dynamics

Background:

  • Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is crucial for advanced accelerator applications.
  • Understanding CSR emission mechanisms is vital for beam control and manipulation.
  • Laser bunch slicing is a key technique for generating ultrashort electron bunches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe and analyze the behavior of CSR produced by laser bunch slicing.
  • To investigate the dependence of CSR intermittency on accelerator parameters.
  • To explore the underlying physics of observed CSR phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing laser bunch slicing technique in an electron storage ring.
  • Operating the storage ring with a small momentum compaction factor.
  • Performing turn-by-turn observation of CSR emission.

Main Results:

  • Observed intermittent CSR emission.
  • Demonstrated a strong dependence of CSR interval on betatron tune.
  • Interpreted the behavior as a result of transverse-longitudinal electron motion coupling.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first observation of CSR intermittency linked to electron motion coupling.
  • Findings are important for controlling CSR emission.
  • The results have implications for generating and transporting ultrashort electron bunches and microstructured beams in accelerators.