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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Efficient spin transitions in inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy.

Nicolás Lorente1, Jean-Pierre Gauyacq

  • 1Centre d'Investigació en Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (CSIC-ICN), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Electron currents efficiently excite magnetic moments in adsorbed atoms. Strong coupling theory explains this phenomenon, showing initial electron spin is lost, leading to high excitation efficiencies.

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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
08:53

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Recent experiments demonstrate electron currents effectively excite magnetic moments in adsorbed atoms.
  • Understanding the mechanism of spin excitation is crucial for spintronics and quantum information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compute the excitation of spin degrees of freedom in adsorbed atoms using tunneling electrons.
  • To develop a theoretical framework explaining the high excitation efficiencies observed experimentally.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing strong coupling theory to model the interaction between tunneling electrons and adsorbed atoms.
  • Employing first-principles calculations to evaluate transmission probabilities.

Main Results:

  • The theory shows strong coupling between incoming electron spin and adsorbate spin.
  • Initial spin memory of the electron is lost, resulting in significant excitation efficiencies.
  • Theoretical predictions quantitatively agree with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • The strong coupling mechanism explains efficient spin excitation by electron currents.
  • This work provides a theoretical foundation for experimental findings in magnetic systems.
  • The findings have implications for controlling magnetic moments with electron spins.