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Related Concept Videos

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Antidepressant Drugs: Overview01:25

Antidepressant Drugs: Overview

Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used for treating various mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. These medicines work by modulating the neurotransmitter balance within the brain, alleviating depressive symptoms. Antidepressants can be broadly categorized into several groups according to their mechanism of action and chemical structure: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs01:28

Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), including Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil), Clomipramine (Anafranil), and Amitriptyline (Elavil), inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and also block other receptors. They are used for depression, pain conditions, and insomnia. Common adverse effects include anticholinergic effects, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and weight gain. They have a narrow therapeutic window and so require plasma-level monitoring. Abrupt discontinuation can...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
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Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol

Published on: November 21, 2025

Toward depression remission: balancing efficacy and tolerability.

Angel L Montejo1

  • 1University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Neurotransmitters impact depression symptoms and antidepressant side effects. Addressing these issues can improve treatment adherence and outcomes for patients with depression.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Neurotransmitters are implicated in regulating depressive symptoms.
  • Antidepressant treatments can cause adverse events, impacting patient compliance.
  • Residual symptoms and side effects often lead to treatment discontinuation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of neurotransmitters in depression symptomatology.
  • To investigate the relationship between neurotransmitters and antidepressant treatment adverse events.
  • To identify strategies for managing residual symptoms and tolerability issues in depression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging research on neurotransmitter function in depression.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to noncompliance and treatment discontinuation.

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Robotically Delivered fMRI-Guided Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression
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Robotically Delivered fMRI-Guided Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression

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Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
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Robotically Delivered fMRI-Guided Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression
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Robotically Delivered fMRI-Guided Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression

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  • Exploration of clinical approaches for symptom and tolerability management.

    • Main Results:

    • Specific neurotransmitters influence both depressive symptoms and treatment side effects.
    • Residual symptoms and adverse events are significant barriers to consistent antidepressant therapy.
    • Various clinical strategies can mitigate these challenges.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding neurotransmitter roles is crucial for optimizing depression treatment.
    • Addressing residual symptoms and adverse events is key to improving patient outcomes.
    • Clinicians can employ targeted approaches to enhance treatment adherence and effectiveness.