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Perceived criticism: associations with perceiver characteristics and interpersonal behaviour.

Coby Gerlsma1, Marijtje A J van Duijn, William W Hale

  • 1University of Groningen, Groote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands. J.Gerlsma@rug.nl

Psychiatry Research
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Summary

Perceived Criticism (PC) measures reflect a partner's critical behavior and are linked to depressive and marital issues. This research validates PC as a practical tool for assessing expressed emotion (EE) in psychiatric contexts.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Perceived Criticism (PC) is a concept derived from Expressed Emotion (EE) research.
  • EE, like PC, is known to predict psychiatric disorder outcomes.
  • The validity and behavioral correlates of PC require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the validity of Perceived Criticism (PC) measures.
  • To determine if PC reflects a partner's current depressive and marital complaints.
  • To examine if PC captures reciprocal criticism within couples and actual interactive behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted using general community couples.
  • Study 1 utilized self-reports (PC, depression, marital dissatisfaction) and the Five Minute Speech Samples (FMSS) EE interview.
  • Study 2 involved self-reports of PC and coding of videotaped problem-solving interactions using the Kategorien system für partnerschaftliche Interaktion (KPI).

Main Results:

  • In Study 1, PC was associated with both partners' criticism and the perceiver's complaints.
  • In Study 2, PC correlated with the partner's verbal/nonverbal criticism and the perceiver's nonverbal negative behavior.
  • Both single-item and multi-item PC measures were compared.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the validity of Perceived Criticism (PC) measures.
  • PC is associated with both subjective complaints and objective interactive behaviors.
  • PC measures offer a practical alternative for assessing aspects of Expressed Emotion (EE).