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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Surgical Closure of Equine Abdomen, Prevention, and Management of Incisional Complications
Published on: May 10, 2024
Thomas E Novak1, John P Costello, Ryan Orosco
1Division of Pediatric Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institutions, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Marburg 149, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. thomas.novak@amedd.army.mil
Repeat closure for bladder exstrophy is highly successful, but achieving urethral continence is more challenging than after primary closure. Many patients require clean intermittent catheterization or continent urinary diversion for dryness.
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