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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the anterior...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

Fluid Mosaic Model

The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.LipidsThe most...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...

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Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos
11:20

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Published on: March 30, 2011

Domain-driven morphogenesis of cellular membranes.

Anna V Shnyrova1, Vadim A Frolov, Joshua Zimmerberg

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Program in Physical Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1855, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular shape changes rely on lipid bilayers, not just proteins. Proteo-lipid domains are key to coordinating membrane remodeling for cell morphology.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cellular morphology is dynamic and essential for cellular functions.
  • Membrane remodeling, involving lipid bilayer rearrangements, underpins cellular shape changes.
  • While protein machinery is recognized, the role of lipid dynamics is increasingly important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the role of proteo-lipid membrane domains in cellular morphological remodeling.
  • To highlight the synergistic contribution of proteins and lipids in membrane dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing literature on membrane biophysics and cell biology.
  • Review of studies investigating protein-lipid interactions in membrane remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Lipid bilayers possess intrinsic dynamics, plasticity, and self-organizing capabilities crucial for cell shape.
  • Proteo-lipid domains act synergistically, providing geometric information and energy for membrane remodeling.
  • These domains are essential for conducting and coordinating morphological changes within cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular shape is a result of the cooperative action of proteins and lipids within membrane domains.
  • Proteo-lipid interactions are fundamental to the self-organization and remodeling of cellular membranes.