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Apolipoprotein E genotype modifies the association between midlife lung function and cognitive function in old age.

Erik J Giltay1, Aulikki Nissinen, Simona Giampaoli

  • 1Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, NL-2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. giltay@dds.nl

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Summary

Reduced lung function in midlife is linked to a higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults who do not carry the APOE epsilon4 gene.

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Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Poor respiratory function is increasingly recognized as a potential risk factor for cognitive impairment.
  • The influence of genetic factors, such as APOE epsilon4 carrier status, on this association requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between midlife respiratory function and cognitive function and dementia incidence in later life.
  • To investigate whether APOE epsilon4 carrier status modifies the association between respiratory function and cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, population-based cohort study involving 857 men aged 45-64 years from Finland, The Netherlands, and Italy.
  • Respiratory function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory flow) was measured in midlife.
  • Cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination) and dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating) were assessed in old age.

Main Results:

  • Midlife lung function showed a positive association with cognitive function in old age among APOE epsilon4 non-carriers, but not in carriers.
  • Dementia risk was inversely related to midlife lung function in APOE epsilon4 non-carriers, with a significant interaction effect (p < 0.05).
  • Follow-up revealed dementia rates of 18.6% (mild) and 2.8% (moderate to severe) in Finland and Italy.

Conclusions:

  • Smaller lung volumes in midlife are prospectively associated with an increased risk of poor cognitive function and dementia.
  • This association is particularly evident in individuals who are non-carriers of the APOE epsilon4 gene, highlighting a potential gene-environment interaction.