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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

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Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology
10:26

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Published on: August 18, 2023

Rabies situation in Cambodia.

Sowath Ly1, Philippe Buchy, Nay Yim Heng

  • 1Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rabies remains a significant public health threat in Cambodia, with underreported deaths. Improved access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and dog vaccination are crucial for control.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease, posing a major public health challenge in developing nations.
  • In Cambodia, rabies cases are often underreported due to home deaths following dog bites.
  • Institut Pasteur in Cambodia (IPC) is the sole provider of free post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and post-mortem diagnosis since 1998.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze rabies surveillance data from 1998-2007 in Cambodia.
  • To estimate the national burden of human rabies deaths in 2007.
  • To assess the accessibility of PEP and inform public health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of IPC data on PEP recipients, human rabies cases, and animal testing from 1998-2007.
  • Definition of suspected rabid dog bite injury (SRDBI) based on bite characteristics and dog's health status.
  • Application of a deterministic probability model to estimate 2007 national rabies mortality.

Main Results:

  • Over 124,000 patients received PEP between 1998-2007; 73% of reported fatal encephalitis cases were rabies-confirmed.
  • IPC tested 1,255 animal brains, with 49% of dog samples testing positive for rabies.
  • The 2007 model estimated 810 human rabies deaths nationwide (5.8/100,000), with PEP access concentrated in Phnom Penh and surrounding provinces.

Conclusions:

  • PEP access in Cambodia is insufficient, particularly outside Phnom Penh.
  • Estimated 2007 rabies mortality surpassed that of malaria and dengue.
  • A national rabies control program is essential, focusing on enhanced surveillance, improved PEP access, and canine vaccination campaigns.