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Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
The Placebo Effect01:54

The Placebo Effect

The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady state,...
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

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Related Experiment Videos

Intelligence and persisting with medication for two years: Analysis in a randomised controlled trial.

Ian J Deary1, Catharine R Gale, Marlene C W Stewart

  • 1Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.

Intelligence
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Higher verbal intelligence is linked to better medication adherence for up to two years. This suggests intelligence influences long-term health self-care behaviors, even with treatment uncertainty.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Cognitive science
  • Public health

Background:

  • Medication adherence is crucial for managing chronic diseases.
  • Understanding factors influencing long-term adherence is vital for patient outcomes.
  • Previous research has explored various demographic and clinical predictors of adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between verbal intelligence and medication adherence over two years.
  • To determine if higher verbal intelligence predicts sustained medication use in a high-risk population.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective follow-up of 1993 participants (aged 50-77) in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
  • Participants received either 100 mg aspirin or placebo daily.
  • Verbal intelligence assessed using the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale; adherence measured by medication continuation.

Main Results:

  • Higher verbal intelligence was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of continuing medication for two years.
  • A standard deviation increase in verbal intelligence score reduced the risk of stopping medication (Risk Ratio = 0.75).
  • Individuals in the lowest IQ quartile had a 2.51 times higher relative rate of stopping medication compared to the highest quartile.

Conclusions:

  • Verbal intelligence is a significant predictor of sustained engagement in health self-care, including medication adherence.
  • This association persists regardless of factors like sex, smoking status, or socioeconomic deprivation.
  • Higher intelligence may contribute to better health outcomes and reduced chronic disease morbidity by promoting consistent health behaviors.