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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
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The Amplatzer vascular plug 4: preliminary experience.

Carlo Ferro1, Umberto G Rossi, Giulio Bovio

  • 1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, San Martino University Hospital, Monoblocco 1-F, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.

Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Amplatzer Vascular Plug 4 (AVP 4) effectively and safely embolizes peripheral vessels. This device allows for faster procedures and reduced radiation exposure in vascular embolization treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Peripheral vascular embolization is a critical procedure for managing various hemorrhages and pseudoaneurysms.
  • Traditional embolization techniques can be time-consuming and may require complex catheter exchanges.
  • The Amplatzer Vascular Plug 4 (AVP 4) is a novel device designed for peripheral vascular occlusion.

Observation:

  • The AVP 4 was utilized in five patients presenting with renal pseudoaneurysms, postsurgical peritoneal bleeding, posttraumatic gluteal hemorrhage, and intercostal pseudoaneurysm.
  • Vessel occlusion was achieved rapidly, within 3 minutes for low-flow and over 8 minutes for high-flow circulations.
  • Clinical and imaging follow-up at 1 month confirmed successful occlusion and symptom resolution in all patients.

Findings:

  • The AVP 4 demonstrated successful occlusion of target vessels and vascular abnormalities in all cases.
  • All deployed AVP 4 devices remained stable in their intended positions without migration.
  • The procedure was compatible with standard 0.038-inch guidewires, allowing deployment through diagnostic catheters.

Implications:

  • The AVP 4 presents a safe and effective option for peripheral vascular embolization.
  • Its compatibility with existing catheter systems simplifies the embolization workflow, potentially reducing procedure time.
  • The AVP 4 may lead to decreased radiation exposure for both patients and medical professionals compared to older devices.