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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Polyethyleneimine-coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Vehicle for the Delivery of Small Interfering RNA to Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo
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Conquering the dark side: colloidal iron oxide nanoparticles.

Angana Senpan1, Shelton D Caruthers, Ilsu Rhee

  • 1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.

ACS Nano
|November 14, 2009
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Summary

A new colloidal iron oxide nanoparticle (CION) platform enables rapid, T1-weighted imaging of atherosclerotic disease. This nanomedicine approach overcomes limitations of previous iron oxide agents for improved cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanomedicine
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are used for cardiovascular imaging but face challenges like delayed imaging and blood pool interference.
  • Current IONPs primarily utilize T2* imaging, leading to negative contrast and prolonged detection times.
  • Existing methods to enhance IONP imaging have limitations due to magnetic interference and blooming effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel theranostic nanoparticle platform for enhanced atherosclerotic disease imaging.
  • To overcome the temporal and spatial limitations of current IONP-based imaging agents.
  • To investigate the potential of the new platform for drug delivery and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a T1-weighted (T1w) theranostic colloidal iron oxide nanoparticle (CION) platform.
  • Formulation involved entrapping oleate-coated magnetite particles within a cross-linked phospholipid nanoemulsion.
  • In vivo administration of CION for T1w molecular imaging and assessment of drug encapsulation (fumagillin).

Main Results:

  • The CION platform unexpectedly decreased T2 effects, enabling positive T1w contrast detection at low nanomolar concentrations.
  • Vascular-constrained CION allowed T1w molecular imaging as early as 1 hour post-administration, without significant blood pool interference.
  • CION demonstrated the ability to encapsulate and retain antiangiogenic drugs like fumagillin, indicating theranostic potential.

Conclusions:

  • CION is a versatile platform technology overcoming key imaging challenges associated with traditional IONPs.
  • The platform offers improved temporal and spatial resolution for cardiovascular imaging.
  • CION shows significant theranostic potential for detecting unstable plaque and treating atherosclerotic angiogenesis.