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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores
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Effect of conical nanopore diameter on ion current rectification.

Michelle L Kovarik1, Kaimeng Zhou, Stephen C Jacobson

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, USA.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|November 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Nanoscale pores rectify ion current, with smaller pores and lower salt concentrations showing greater effects. Surface charge significantly influences this ion current rectification in nanoporous membranes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Asymmetric nanoscale conduits, like conical track-etch pores, exhibit ion current rectification due to surface charge effects.
  • Previous studies primarily focused on nanopores with diameters similar to the electrical double layer thickness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate ion current rectification in poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanopores of varying tip diameters (10-380 nm).
  • To investigate the influence of buffer concentration (1 mM to 1 M) and pH (3.4 and 6.7) on rectification.
  • To understand the role of surface charge and double layer effects in ion current rectification.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of poly(ethylene terephthalate) membranes with conical nanopores using track-etching.
  • Measurement of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics across nanopores under varying ionic strengths and pH.
  • Analysis of ion current rectification based on I-V data.

Main Results:

  • Ion current rectification generally increases with decreasing tip diameter, decreasing ionic strength, and increasing pH.
  • Surface charge enhances pore conductivity, and double layer overlap is not a prerequisite for rectification.
  • A 35 nm pore showed maximum rectification at 0.01 M buffer and pH 6.7.
  • 380 nm pores displayed near diodelike behavior initially, with strong rectification after ion current stabilization.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore geometry, ionic strength, and surface charge collectively govern ion current rectification.
  • The findings provide insights into designing nanoporous systems for applications like sensing and filtration.
  • Rectification is observable even in larger pores, expanding the potential utility of these materials.