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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Is PHEEM a multi-dimensional instrument? An international perspective.

David Wall¹, Mike Clapham, Arnoldo Riquelme

¹West Midlands Deanery, West Midlands, UK. d.w.wall@btopenworld.com

Medical Teacher

|November 14, 2009

Summary

The Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) is a reliable, multi-dimensional tool for assessing hospital education. Its three subscales align well with statistically derived factors, confirming its validity in diverse international settings.

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Area of Science:

Medical Education Research
Psychometrics
Healthcare Professional Training

Background:

The Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) is widely used to assess the educational environment in hospitals.
Understanding the psychometric properties and factor structure of PHEEM is crucial for its accurate interpretation and application across different cultural contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the reliability and characteristics of the PHEEM instrument using data from four countries: the UK, Brazil, Chile, and the Netherlands.
To examine the alignment between the three defined PHEEM subscales (Teaching, Role Autonomy, Social Support) and statistically derived factors.

Main Methods:

A large dataset of 1563 PHEEM scores was analyzed.
Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha) were employed.
Correlations were calculated between derived factors and the established PHEEM subscales.

Main Results:

PHEEM demonstrated high overall reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.928.
Exploratory factor analysis identified three primary factors.
These factors showed strong correlations with the Teaching (R=0.802), Role Autonomy (R=0.623), and Social Support (R=0.538) subscales, respectively.

Conclusions:

PHEEM is a reliable and multi-dimensional instrument for assessing postgraduate hospital educational environments.
The study confirms a good fit between the theoretically defined PHEEM subscales and the empirically derived factors, supporting its construct validity.