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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A High-content Imaging Workflow to Study Grb2 Signaling Complexes by Expression Cloning
10:52

A High-content Imaging Workflow to Study Grb2 Signaling Complexes by Expression Cloning

Published on: October 30, 2012

The B-lymphoid Grb2 interaction code.

Konstantin Neumann1, Thomas Oellerich, Henning Urlaub

  • 1Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Immunological Reviews
|November 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is vital for B lymphocyte signaling, integrating signals for immune responses. This study explores Grb2's molecular network and interactome to understand pathway specificity in B cells.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A High-content Imaging Workflow to Study Grb2 Signaling Complexes by Expression Cloning
10:52

A High-content Imaging Workflow to Study Grb2 Signaling Complexes by Expression Cloning

Published on: October 30, 2012

Phospho Flow Cytometry with Fluorescent Cell Barcoding for Single Cell Signaling Analysis and Biomarker Discovery
08:38

Phospho Flow Cytometry with Fluorescent Cell Barcoding for Single Cell Signaling Analysis and Biomarker Discovery

Published on: October 4, 2018

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin
07:56

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Published on: January 17, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is a conserved adapter protein regulating signal transduction.
  • In B lymphocytes, Grb2 orchestrates signalosome assembly and subcellular localization upon antigen receptor ligation.
  • Grb2 integrates signals from B-cell coreceptors, crucial for amplifying or attenuating antigen receptor output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the molecular network of Grb2 in B cells.
  • To introduce a proteomic approach for elucidating the Grb2 interactome in vivo.
  • To investigate how pathway specificity is maintained during B cell signal homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Grb2's molecular network in B cells.
  • Development and application of a proteomic strategy to identify Grb2 interactors.
  • In vivo analysis of Grb2 interactions within the B cell signaling context.

Main Results:

  • Grb2 acts as an essential signal integrator in B lymphocytes.
  • The study outlines the complex molecular network involving Grb2.
  • A proteomic approach is presented to map Grb2's in vivo interactome.

Conclusions:

  • Grb2 plays a critical role in B cell activation and tolerance.
  • Understanding Grb2's interactome is key to deciphering B cell signal specificity.
  • The proteomic approach offers new insights into Grb2-mediated signaling pathways.