Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Methods for Comparing Nutrients in Beebread Made by Africanized and European Honey Bees and the Effects on Hemolymph Protein Titers
Published on: March 17, 2015
1Honey Bee Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. Kate.Aronstein@ars.usda.gov
Chalkbrood disease, caused by the fungus Ascosphaera apis, is a growing threat to honey bees globally. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its spread, impact, and management strategies for beekeepers.
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