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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Methods for Comparing Nutrients in Beebread Made by Africanized and European Honey Bees and the Effects on Hemolymph Protein Titers
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Methods for Comparing Nutrients in Beebread Made by Africanized and European Honey Bees and the Effects on Hemolymph Protein Titers

Published on: March 17, 2015

Chalkbrood disease in honey bees.

K A Aronstein1, K D Murray

  • 1Honey Bee Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. Kate.Aronstein@ars.usda.gov

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
|November 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Chalkbrood disease, caused by the fungus Ascosphaera apis, is a growing threat to honey bees globally. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its spread, impact, and management strategies for beekeepers.

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Area of Science:

  • * Apiculture and Bee Health
  • * Mycology and Plant Pathology

Background:

  • * Chalkbrood is a significant fungal disease affecting honey bee brood, caused by Ascosphaera apis.
  • * Global incidence of chalkbrood appears to be increasing, posing a threat to bee populations worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To consolidate historical and recent scientific findings on chalkbrood disease.
  • * To review the worldwide spread, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and biology of Ascosphaera apis.
  • * To discuss advancements in disease control, management, and molecular research.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of historical and contemporary scientific publications.
  • * Analysis of data on the global distribution and spread of Ascosphaera apis.
  • * Examination of molecular studies, including genomic sequencing and mating type locus identification.

Main Results:

  • * Ascosphaera apis has a worldwide distribution, facilitated by global travel and migratory beekeeping.
  • * Recent molecular methods have refined the taxonomic classification of the fungus.
  • * New research tools for identification and monitoring have been developed, alongside novel control strategies.

Conclusions:

  • * Chalkbrood remains a critical concern for honey bee health, necessitating ongoing research and effective management.
  • * Understanding the pathogen's biology and genetics is crucial for developing targeted disease interventions.
  • * Continued monitoring and research into Ascosphaera apis are essential for mitigating its impact on global apiculture.

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