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Published on: March 17, 2015
Chalkbrood disease in honey bees
1Honey Bee Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. Kate.Aronstein@ars.usda.gov
Abstract:
Chalkbrood is a fungal disease of honey bee brood caused by Ascosphaera apis. This disease is now found throughout the world, and there are indications that chalkbrood incidence may be on the rise. In this review we consolidate both historic knowledge and recent scientific findings. We document the worldwide spread of the fungus, which is aided by increased global travel and the migratory nature of many beekeeping operations. We discuss the current taxonomic classification in light of the recent complete reworking of fungal systematics brought on by application of molecular methods. In addition, we discuss epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as pathogen biology, morphology and reproduction. New attempts at disease control methods and management tactics are reviewed. We report on research tools developed for identification and monitoring, and also include recent findings on genomic and molecular studies not covered by previous reviews, including sequencing of the A. apis genome and identification of the mating type locus.
Insights
Chalkbrood disease, caused by the fungus Ascosphaera apis, is a growing threat to honey bees globally. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its spread, impact, and management strategies for beekeepers.
Area of Science:
- * Apiculture and Bee Health
- * Mycology and Plant Pathology
Background:
- * Chalkbrood is a significant fungal disease affecting honey bee brood, caused by Ascosphaera apis.
- * Global incidence of chalkbrood appears to be increasing, posing a threat to bee populations worldwide.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To consolidate historical and recent scientific findings on chalkbrood disease.
- * To review the worldwide spread, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and biology of Ascosphaera apis.
- * To discuss advancements in disease control, management, and molecular research.
Main Methods:
- * Comprehensive literature review of historical and contemporary scientific publications.
- * Analysis of data on the global distribution and spread of Ascosphaera apis.
- * Examination of molecular studies, including genomic sequencing and mating type locus identification.
Main Results:
- * Ascosphaera apis has a worldwide distribution, facilitated by global travel and migratory beekeeping.
- * Recent molecular methods have refined the taxonomic classification of the fungus.
- * New research tools for identification and monitoring have been developed, alongside novel control strategies.
Conclusions:
- * Chalkbrood remains a critical concern for honey bee health, necessitating ongoing research and effective management.
- * Understanding the pathogen's biology and genetics is crucial for developing targeted disease interventions.
- * Continued monitoring and research into Ascosphaera apis are essential for mitigating its impact on global apiculture.
