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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound01:19

Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound

To obtain accurate blood pressure measurements in clinical settings, especially when traditional methods are insufficient, healthcare professionals utilize the Doppler ultrasound technique. This method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect blood flow within the arteries, which is crucial for patients with conditions that complicate circulatory system assessment.
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Doppler Ultrasound Blood Pressure Assessment:
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for diagnosing...

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
08:09

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

Published on: December 13, 2019

Normative reference values for the tissue Doppler imaging parameters of left ventricular function: a population-based

Navtej S Chahal1, Tiong K Lim, Piyush Jain

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK.

European Journal of Echocardiography : the Journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology
|November 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes crucial percentile-based reference ranges for tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) parameters in healthy adults. These new values aid in standardizing the assessment of left ventricular function using echocardiography.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Published on: February 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a standard echocardiographic technique for evaluating left ventricular (LV) function and filling pressures.
  • Current clinical practice lacks established percentile-based normative reference values for key TDI-derived parameters.
  • Accurate reference ranges are essential for reliable interpretation of LV function and filling pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive and present percentile-based normative reference values for TDI parameters in a healthy adult population.
  • To establish age-specific reference ranges for myocardial systolic velocity (Sa), diastolic velocity (Ea), and the E/Ea ratio.
  • To facilitate standardized assessment of LV function using echocardiography.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 453 healthy subjects aged 35-75 from the London Life Sciences Prospective Population (LOLIPOP) study.
  • Exclusion of individuals with cardiovascular disease, risk factors, or significant coronary artery disease.
  • 2D and Doppler echocardiography, including TDI at septal and lateral mitral annular sites to measure Sa, Ea, and E/Ea.

Main Results:

  • Established 5th and 95th percentile reference ranges for septal, lateral, and average Sa, Ea, and E/Ea.
  • Demonstrated a significant age-related decline in average Ea velocity (P < 0.001) and Sa velocity (P = 0.04).
  • Observed a significant age-related increase in the average E/Ea ratio (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • The derived reference ranges for TDI parameters (Sa, Ea, E/Ea) provide essential benchmarks for clinical use.
  • These ranges will aid in standardizing the interpretation of echocardiographic assessments of LV function.
  • Standardization through these reference values enhances the diagnostic accuracy of tissue Doppler echocardiography.