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Vaccinations

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Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

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Estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness using routinely collected laboratory data.

D M Fleming¹, N J Andrews, J S Ellis

¹Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, Lordswood House, 54 Lordswood Road, Harborne, Birmingham B17 9DB, UK. dfleming@rcgpbhamresunit.nhs.uk

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

|November 14, 2009

Summary

Routine virological surveillance data can provide real-time estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (V/E). This approach is feasible for evaluating national vaccination programs, especially during outbreaks.

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Public Health
Virology

Background:

Timely estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness (V/E) is crucial for managing outbreaks and pandemic preparedness.
Existing methods may not provide real-time V/E data needed for rapid public health responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the utility of routinely collected virological surveillance data for generating real-time V/E estimates during influenza seasons.
To determine if this approach can be integrated into national influenza vaccination program evaluations.

Main Methods:

Utilized integrated clinical and virological surveillance data from three winter seasons (2004/5–2006/7).
Calculated odds of vaccination in influenza-positive versus influenza-negative individuals.
Employed logistic regression to adjust V/E estimates for confounding factors like age and sampling month.

Main Results:

Adjusted V/E estimates varied annually, with figures like 67% in 2005/6 and 55% in 2006/7.
Vaccine effectiveness was higher in individuals under 65 years (70%) compared to those 65 and over (46%).
Minor variations in V/E estimates were observed based on influenza type, time from illness onset to sampling, season period, and viral load.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated the potential of routine surveillance data for early-season V/E estimation.
Concluded that this method is feasible for evaluating national influenza vaccination programs.
Highlights the value of integrated clinical and virological data for public health decision-making.