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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

Prolactin and autoimmunity.

Luis J Jara1, Gabriela Medina, Miguel A Saavedra

  • 1Direction of Education and Research, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico La Raza, IMSS, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. luis_jara_quezada@hotmail.com

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|November 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prolactin influences both innate and adaptive immunity, with elevated levels linked to autoimmune diseases like lupus. Dopamine agonists show potential in managing these conditions, but more research is needed.

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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

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Published on: December 17, 2010

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • The intricate relationship between prolactin and the immune system is a key area in immunoendocrinology.
  • Prolactin plays a significant role in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • Elevated prolactin levels are observed in various autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, and systemic sclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of prolactin in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • To investigate the association between hyperprolactinemia and disease activity in SLE.
  • To evaluate the potential of dopamine agonist treatment in managing autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on prolactin and immune system interactions.
  • Analysis of studies correlating prolactin levels with disease activity and organ involvement in SLE.
  • Examination of controlled studies on dopamine agonist therapy in SLE patients.

Main Results:

  • Hyperprolactinemia is linked to active disease and organ damage in SLE patients.
  • Limited controlled studies suggest dopamine agonist treatment may be beneficial for SLE, even during pregnancy and postpartum.
  • Prolactin is identified as a component of the immunoneuroendocrinology network, potentially contributing to autoimmune disease development.

Conclusions:

  • Prolactin is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Dopamine agonists represent a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune conditions like SLE.
  • Further research is required to fully understand prolactin's mechanisms in autoimmune disease and the efficacy of anti-prolactinemic drugs.