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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction01:17

Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction

Pericyclic reactions are organic reactions that occur via a concerted mechanism without generating any intermediates. The reactions proceed through the movement of electrons in a closed loop to form a cyclic transition state, where rearrangement of the σ and π bonds yields specific products.
Pericyclic reactions can be classified into three categories: electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements. Electrocyclic reactions and sigmatropic rearrangements are...
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...

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Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
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Published on: January 8, 2016

Reactive conducting thiepin polymers.

Changsik Song1, Timothy M Swager

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|November 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers designed and synthesized annulated thiepins, which are seven-membered rings. These compounds transform from bent to planar shapes electrochemically, forming electroactive polymers with potential applications in peroxide sensing.

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Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates
07:32

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Thiepins are sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds.
  • Conjugated seven-membered rings present unique structural and electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel annulated thiepins.
  • To investigate their electrochemical properties and potential for polymerization.
  • To explore their utility in sensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of thermally stable annulated thiepins.
  • Electrochemical characterization of thiepin derivatives.
  • Electropolymerization studies to form thiepin-containing polymers.
  • Investigation of sulfur extrusion under oxidative conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized stable, electropolymerizable annulated thiepins.
  • Demonstrated bent-to-planar conformational changes driven by electrochemical aromatization.
  • Developed thiepin-containing electroactive polymers.
  • Observed sulfur extrusion in extended thiepin systems upon oxidation.

Conclusions:

  • Annulated thiepins can be synthesized and electropolymerized.
  • Electrochemical control enables tunable conformational changes and polymer formation.
  • The sulfur extrusion property offers potential for peroxide sensing applications.