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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions
07:34

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

Published on: February 16, 2017

Network design principles from the sea urchin embryo.

Eric H Davidson1

  • 1Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. davidson@caltech.edu

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|November 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Sea urchin embryonic development models reveal recurring network

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Systems biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are increasingly modeled to understand complex biological processes.
  • Sea urchin embryonic development provides a model system for studying GRN topology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify recurring structural themes or 'building blocks' within sea urchin gene regulatory networks.
  • To understand the functional significance of these subcircuits in spatial gene expression control.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing gene regulatory network models for sea urchin development.
  • Identification and characterization of recurring subcircuit topologies.
  • Comparison of subcircuits across different developmental processes.

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Generation of Naïve Blastoderm Explants from Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: July 30, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions
07:34

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

Published on: February 16, 2017

High Throughput Microinjections of Sea Urchin Zygotes
12:40

High Throughput Microinjections of Sea Urchin Zygotes

Published on: January 21, 2014

Generation of Naïve Blastoderm Explants from Zebrafish Embryos
07:21

Generation of Naïve Blastoderm Explants from Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: July 30, 2021

Main Results:

  • Emergence of topological themes suggesting conserved network 'building blocks' (subcircuits).
  • These subcircuits perform specific logic operations for spatial gene expression control.
  • Similar subcircuit topologies are utilized with different genes for the same developmental functions.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental GRNs are composed of a repertoire of specific functional devices (subcircuits).
  • These subcircuits are distinct from simpler network motifs due to their dedicated developmental functions.
  • Understanding these building blocks is crucial for deciphering the logic of developmental processes.