Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
 Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is critical for...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Far transfer of retrieval-practice benefits: rule-based learning as the underlying mechanism.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2024
Same author

Mind wandering during hypertext reading: The impact of hyperlink structure on reading comprehension and attention.

Acta psychologica·2023
Same author

Concurrent prospective memory task increases mind wandering during online reading for difficult but not easy texts.

Memory & cognition·2022
Same author

In search for the most optimal EEG method: A practical evaluation of a water-based electrode EEG system.

Brain and neuroscience advances·2021
Same author

Error-Related Cognitive Control and Behavioral Adaptation Mechanisms in the Context of Motor Functioning and Anxiety.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2021
Same author

Motor and non-motor sequence prediction is equally affected in children with developmental coordination disorder.

PloS one·2020
Same journal

Meaning in life and biological functioning: A multisystem synthesis and agenda for future research.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Beyond Diagnosis: Why and How Virtual Reality Should be Used in Research on Neurodevelopmental Conditions?

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

What eye-movements tell us about Disorders of Consciousness?

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Systematic Review of Tactile-Based Interventions Combined with Multisensory Stimulation Protocols in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

Exploring the prognostic value of resting state brain activity in Disorders of Consciousness: A coordinate-based meta-analysis.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same journal

From microstates to macroscales: A critical review of maximum entropy modeling and energy landscape analysis in functional MRI.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Neural binding mechanisms in learning and memory.

Bertram Opitz1

  • 1Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, Germany. b.opitz@mx.uni-saarland.de

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|November 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores two memory binding mechanisms: relational binding in the hippocampus and representational binding in the medial-temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex. It examines how these processes contribute to learning and knowledge formation.

More Related Videos

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
11:29

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
11:29

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology of Memory

Background:

  • Binding mechanisms are fundamental cognitive operations crucial for learning and memory.
  • Two key mechanisms are relational binding (contextualizing events) and representational binding (forming abstract knowledge).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize evidence on relational and representational binding mechanisms.
  • To delineate the distinct neural substrates supporting each binding type.
  • To explore how different conditions implement these binding mechanisms and their domain specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuropsychological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of evidence from the author's own research.
  • Examination of clinical conditions exhibiting differential binding patterns.

Main Results:

  • Relational binding is primarily supported by the hippocampal system.
  • Representational binding involves the medial-temporal lobe cortex and prefrontal areas.
  • Distinct neurological conditions differentially engage these binding mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The hippocampal system is critical for binding information into contextualized events.
  • Surrounding cortical and prefrontal regions facilitate the formation of decontextualized knowledge.
  • Further research is needed to determine the domain specificity of these binding mechanisms.