Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

Genetic Lingo

Genetic Lingo

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Intereye differences in myopic macular degeneration, intraocular pressure and axial length: the Two-Continent Eye Study.

The British journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same author

Artificial intelligence-based retinal imaging for brain health assessment: a scoping review.

The Lancet. Digital health·2026

Same author

Functional and morphological alterations of light detection circuits in postmortem retina from donors with different stages of Alzheimer's-like pathology.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

COQ7-Related Neuropathy: Two New Cases and Review of the Literature.

Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS·2026

Same author

A dataset of patients with isolated and syndromic optic neuropathies linked to RTN4IP1 genetic variants.

Scientific data·2026

Same author

Optic chiasmal neuritis: clinical features, aetiologies, MRI patterns and prognosis in a real-world cohort.

Journal of neurology·2026

Same journal

Movement disorders and Parkinson's disease: collaborative and interdisciplinary research to advance understanding of neural circuit dysfunction, pathophysiology, and care: new horizons in technology, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and genetics toward personalized medicine.

Current opinion in neurology·2026

Same journal

Editorial introduction.

Current opinion in neurology·2026

Same journal

Multimodal mapping of balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a consensus roadmap for research and intervention.

Current opinion in neurology·2026

Same journal

Tourette syndrome: brain neurophysiology, circuit dysfunction, and neuromodulation across invasive and noninvasive approaches.

Current opinion in neurology·2026

Same journal

Dystonia: from phenotypes to genetics and therapeutic advances.

Current opinion in neurology·2026

Same journal

What can we learn from eye movements in movement disorders and Parkinson's disease?

Current opinion in neurology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Published on: September 22, 2017

Genetically determined optic neuropathies.

Dan Milea¹, Patrizia Amati-Bonneau, Pascal Reynier

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France. damilea@chu-angers.fr

Current Opinion in Neurology

|November 17, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances reveal hereditary optic neuropathies, often caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, present with varied symptoms. Understanding these conditions is key to diagnosing unexplained optic atrophy.

More Related Videos

An Optic Nerve Crush Injury Murine Model to Study Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival

An Optic Nerve Crush Injury Murine Model to Study Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival

Published on: April 25, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Published on: September 22, 2017

An Optic Nerve Crush Injury Murine Model to Study Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival

An Optic Nerve Crush Injury Murine Model to Study Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival

Published on: April 25, 2011

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Genetics
Neuroscience

Background:

Hereditary optic neuropathies involve retinal ganglion cell degeneration.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding hereditary optic neuropathies.
To highlight the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on hereditary optic neuropathies.
Analysis of genetic, environmental, and anatomical factors influencing clinical presentation.

Main Results:

Autosomal dominant optic atrophy shows a more variable clinical presentation than previously recognized.
Factors like genetic (OPA1 gene), environmental (smoking), and anatomical predispositions modulate Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
New gene discoveries reinforce the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in autosomal recessive optic neuropathy.

Conclusions:

Hereditary optic neuropathies exhibit heterogeneous presentations.
These conditions serve as models for neurodegenerative diseases impacting mitochondrial function.