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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: May 15, 2021

Cisplatin overdose: toxicities and management.

Roger Y Tsang¹, Turki Al-Fayea, Heather-Jane Au

¹Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.

|November 18, 2009

Summary

Cisplatin overdose causes severe toxicities like kidney damage and nausea. Management focuses on hydration, enhancing elimination, and supportive care, as no specific antidote exists.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Clinical Pharmacology
Toxicology

Background:

Cisplatin is a vital chemotherapy drug for various cancers.
Non-specific targeting leads to dose-dependent toxicities.
Cisplatin overdose can cause severe morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

To review cisplatin overdose toxicities.
To critically appraise existing literature.
To propose an initial management algorithm.

Main Methods:

Literature review of clinical trials and case reports on cisplatin overdose.
Analysis of documented clinical features and toxicities.
Evaluation of therapeutic strategies and experimental treatments.

More Related Videos

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: May 15, 2021

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2017

Main Results:

Common toxicities include nausea, vomiting, renal insufficiency, electrolyte imbalances, myelosuppression, ototoxicity, and neuropathy.
No specific antidote for cisplatin exists.
Key management involves aggressive hydration, renoprotection, and enhanced drug elimination.

Conclusions:

Cisplatin overdose management requires prompt supportive care and specific interventions.
Strategies like sodium thiosulfate and plasmapheresis are considered.
Further research is needed for optimal overdose management strategies.