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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing

The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing

Published on: May 13, 2020

Engineering study comparing injection force and dose accuracy between two prefilled insulin injection pens.

Debra A Ignaut¹, Michael R Opincar, Paula E Clark

¹Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. dignaut@lilly.com

Current Medical Research and Opinion

|November 18, 2009

Summary

The insulin lispro pen (Humalog KwikPen) showed lower injection force and variability compared to the insulin aspart pen (Next Generation FlexPen). This pen also offered improved dose accuracy at slower injection speeds.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Biomedical Engineering
Diabetes Management

Background:

Prefilled insulin pens are crucial for diabetes self-management.
Injection force and dosing accuracy are key performance indicators for insulin pens.
Comparing different insulin pen devices is essential for optimizing patient experience and therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the injection force (glide force and variability) and dosing accuracy of the insulin lispro pen (Humalog KwikPen) and the insulin aspart pen (Next Generation FlexPen).

Main Methods:

100 prefilled insulin pens (50 insulin lispro, 50 insulin aspart) were tested.
Two dose sizes (30 U and 60 U) and two dosing speeds (10 U/s and 6.6 U/s) were evaluated.
Injection force (GF, GFV) and dose accuracy (% absolute dose error) were automatically recorded.

Main Results:

The insulin lispro pen exhibited significantly lower median glide force (GF) and glide force variability (GFV) across all tested conditions (p < 0.0001).
Dose error was comparable at 10 U/s but significantly lower for the insulin lispro pen at 6.6 U/s (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The insulin lispro pen demonstrates superior performance in terms of lower injection force and variability compared to the insulin aspart pen.
The insulin lispro pen offers improved dose accuracy, particularly at slower injection speeds.
These findings suggest potential benefits for patient comfort and adherence with the insulin lispro pen.