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Schizotypy and brain structure: a voxel-based morphometry study.

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  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, and BCN Neuroimaging Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. g.modinos@med.umcg.nl

Psychological Medicine
|November 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with high psychometric schizotypy (PS) show larger brain gray matter volumes in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. These findings suggest common neuroanatomical correlates for psychotic experiences across the schizophrenia spectrum.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Schizotypy represents a subclinical form of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
  • Individuals with psychometric schizotypy (PS) exhibit subthreshold psychotic symptoms.
  • Previous MRI studies identified gray-matter volume (GMV) abnormalities in schizophrenia and related conditions, but not in PS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of psychometric schizotypy (PS).
  • To examine gray-matter volume (GMV) differences between individuals with high and low PS.

Main Methods:

  • Six hundred university students completed the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) to assess psychosis proneness.
  • 38 subjects with high and low PS were selected for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze GMV differences.

Main Results:

  • Subjects with high positive PS exhibited larger global gray-matter volumes compared to those with low PS.
  • Increased regional GMV was observed in the medial posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and precuneus in high PS individuals.
  • No regions showed greater GMV in low PS compared to high PS subjects.

Conclusions:

  • The PCC and precuneus are implicated in the neuroanatomy of high psychometric schizotypy (PS).
  • These findings suggest shared neuroanatomical correlates for psychotic experiences across schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including at-risk mental states (ARMS) and schizophrenia.
  • Volumetric differences in these regions may represent a common biological substrate for psychotic-like experiences.