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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

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Published on: June 2, 2014

How triggers trigger acute migraine attacks: a hypothesis.

Ambar Chakravarty1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Science, 1E 1202, Avishikta II, Calcutta 700 078, India. saschakra@yahoo.com

Medical Hypotheses
|November 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine triggers initiate pain by causing cortical spreading depression (CSD) and potentially acting on a trigeminal nuclear complex (TNC)

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Research
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Migraine attacks are consistently associated with triggers, though their precise role remains debated.
  • Understanding migraine pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unifying hypothesis for the mechanism of migraine triggers.
  • To elucidate the potential dual sites of action for migraine triggers.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical review and hypothesis formulation.
  • Analogy drawn from the 'gate control' theory of pain.

Main Results:

  • Triggers are hypothesized to induce cortical spreading depression (CSD) in a hyper-excitable migraine cortex.
  • Triggers may also act at the trigeminal nuclear complex (TNC), modulating pain signal transmission.
  • A hypothetical 'gate' at the TNC, influenced by 5HT receptors, is proposed to control pain impulse entry.

Conclusions:

  • This hypothesis provides a theoretical framework for understanding migraine trigger mechanisms.
  • It suggests a novel site of action for triptans and other migraine therapies at the TNC.
  • The proposed model supports the efficacy of current pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic migraine treatments.