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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Histone h3 exerts a key function in mitotic checkpoint control.

Jianjun Luo1, Xinjing Xu, Hana Hall

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|November 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone H3 is crucial for activating the spindle assembly checkpoint during mitosis. A mutation impairs tension sensing, leading to chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy in yeast cells.

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chromatin and histones regulate interphase nuclear functions like transcription.
  • The role of histones in mitotic progression and quality control is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of histone H3 in mitotic progression and spindle assembly checkpoint activation.
  • To determine how histone H3 influences chromosome segregation fidelity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized yeast cell models with histone H3 mutations.
  • Analyzed spindle assembly checkpoint activation under tensionless conditions.
  • Investigated the interaction between histone H3 and Sgo1p.

Main Results:

  • Histone H3 mutation impairs spindle assembly checkpoint activation in response to lack of tension.
  • This defect leads to chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy.
  • The impaired checkpoint activation is due to a weakened H3-Sgo1p interaction, affecting pericentric Sgo1p recruitment.

Conclusions:

  • Histone H3 is essential for transmitting tension status to the spindle assembly checkpoint.
  • Chromatin, via histone H3, plays a key role in ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
  • Targeting the H3-Sgo1p interaction could offer therapeutic strategies for aneuploidy-related disorders.