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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Different cross-presentation pathways in steady-state and inflammatory dendritic cells.

Elodie Segura1, Anthony L Albiston, Ian P Wicks

  • 1Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanisms of cross-presentation differ between dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Mannose receptor (MR) and IRAP are crucial for inflammatory DCs but not steady-state DCs, impacting vaccine design.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cross-presentation of exogenous antigens on MHC class I molecules is vital for CD8 T-cell immunity.
  • Specialized dendritic cell (DC) subsets perform cross-presentation, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • A proposed pathway involves mannose receptor (MR) and IRAP in antigen processing within endosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IRAP and MR in cross-presentation by steady-state CD8(+) DCs and inflammatory monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs).
  • To determine if the proposed MR-IRAP pathway is involved in cross-presentation by these DC subsets.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo generation of inflammatory moDCs.
  • Assessment of cross-presentation in IRAP- and MR-deficient DC subsets.
  • Analysis of antigen trafficking within endosomal compartments.

Main Results:

  • IRAP and MR are dispensable for cross-presentation by steady-state CD8(+) DCs.
  • No evidence of antigen diversion into IRAP-containing endosomes in steady-state CD8(+) DCs.
  • Cross-presentation was impaired in IRAP- or MR-deficient moDCs, confirming their role in inflammatory DCs.

Conclusions:

  • The mechanisms of cross-presentation differ significantly between steady-state and inflammatory DCs.
  • The MR-IRAP pathway is important for inflammatory DCs but not for steady-state DCs.
  • These findings have critical implications for developing effective vaccine strategies.