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Related Concept Videos

Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
Histology of the Uterus01:19

Histology of the Uterus

The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
The endometrium is the...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
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Published on: June 27, 2025

Placenta percreta and the urologist.

Ramdev Konijeti, Jacob Rajfer, Asghar Askari

    Reviews in Urology
    |November 18, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Placenta percreta, a severe form of placenta accreta involving the bladder, poses a life-threatening hemorrhage risk. Antenatal diagnosis and careful management, including hysterectomy or methotrexate, are crucial for minimizing blood loss.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

    Background:

    • Placenta percreta is the most severe form of placenta accreta.
    • It can invade the urinary bladder, leading to severe hemorrhage and potentially life-threatening complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of placenta percreta involving the urinary bladder.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on placenta percreta with bladder involvement.
    • Discussion of diagnostic modalities including ultrasound, MRI, and cystoscopy.
    • Outline of management strategies to minimize blood loss and patient morbidity.

    Main Results:

    • Antenatal diagnosis is possible with advanced imaging techniques.
    Keywords:
    Bladder invasionPlacenta accretaPlacenta percreta

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  • Management focuses on preventing hemorrhage by avoiding placental removal at delivery.
  • Treatment options include hysterectomy or postpartum methotrexate therapy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Placenta percreta with bladder invasion requires a multidisciplinary approach.
    • Minimizing blood loss is paramount, with surgical intervention or methotrexate as potential treatments.
    • Bladder excision or reconstruction may be necessary in severe cases.