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Total diet study nutritional elements, 1982-1989.

J A Pennington1, B E Young

  • 1Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.

Journal of the American Dietetic Association
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Mineral intake analysis from 1982-1989 reveals widespread copper deficiency and low intakes of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in vulnerable populations. Sodium intake exceeded requirements for all age groups.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Dietary Assessment

Background:

  • Understanding population-level nutrient intake is crucial for identifying public health concerns.
  • Dietary patterns and mineral consumption have evolved significantly since the early 1980s.
  • Assessing mineral adequacy against established dietary recommendations provides a benchmark for nutritional status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze daily mineral and element intakes across eight age-sex groups in the United States from 1982 to 1989.
  • To compare these intakes against the National Academy of Sciences' recommended dietary allowances.
  • To identify specific nutrients and demographic groups at risk for inadequate or excessive consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Data collection on daily intakes of 11 essential minerals and elements (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, copper, manganese).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis stratified by eight age-sex categories.
  • Comparison of observed intakes with recommended intake levels from the National Academy of Sciences.

    • Main Results:

    • Sodium intake exceeded estimated minimum requirements for all groups.
    • Potassium, phosphorus, selenium, and iodine intakes were adequate.
    • Copper intake was below 80% of suggested levels for all groups. Calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese deficiencies were noted in specific subgroups, including teenage girls, adult women, older women, 2-year-olds, teenage boys, and older men.
    • Dairy products were the primary source for potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iodine; grain products for sodium, iron, and manganese; and animal flesh for zinc, selenium, and copper.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant population-level deficiencies in copper were identified, alongside concerningly low intakes of calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese in several key demographic groups.
    • Dietary patterns during 1982-1989 indicated excessive sodium consumption relative to requirements.
    • Targeted public health interventions may be necessary to address specific mineral shortfalls in vulnerable populations.