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Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
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Opioid Receptors: Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

Patients with problematic opioid use can be weaned from codeine without pain escalation.

H K Nilsen1, T C Stiles, N I Landrø

  • 1Pain and Palliation Research Group, Institute of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. halvardnilsen@yahoo.no

Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
|November 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Brief cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) effectively reduced codeine use in chronic pain patients with problematic opioid use. This treatment did not worsen pain or quality of life and even improved some cognitive functions.

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Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
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Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
09:38

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Chronic non-malignant pain patients with problematic opioid use require brief intervention strategies.
  • Current treatment gaps exist for managing opioid dependence in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of brief cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in reducing codeine use.
  • To determine if codeine reduction impacts pain levels and quality of life.
  • To explore the effects of codeine tapering on neurocognitive functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven patients with daily codeine use were treated by physicians using six CBT sessions over 8 weeks.
  • Gradual codeine tapering occurred within the 8-week treatment period.
  • Assessments included codeine use, pain intensity, quality of life, and neuropsychological functioning from pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Codeine use significantly decreased from a mean of 237 mg to 45 mg post-treatment and 48 mg at follow-up.
  • No significant escalation in pain or reduction in quality of life was observed.
  • Neuropsychological functioning showed significant improvements in some areas, with others remaining stable.

Conclusions:

  • Brief CBT shows promise for reducing codeine dependence in pain patients with problematic opioid use.
  • Further evaluation in larger randomized controlled trials is warranted.
  • Comparative studies with alternative brief treatments and placebo conditions are recommended.