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Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
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Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
Three Developmental Domains01:29

Three Developmental Domains

Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
Physical Development
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease
05:39

A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 13, 2025

Developing motor planning over ages.

Jean-Pierre Thibaut1, Lucette Toussaint

  • 1Department of Psychology, LEAD-CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon, France. jean-pierre.thibaut@u-bourgogne.fr

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|November 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

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Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
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Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease
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Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
07:52

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum

Published on: February 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Cognitive development
  • Motor control

Background:

  • Limited research exists on children's response selection during object manipulation.
  • The end-state comfort effect, prioritizing a comfortable final position, is a key aspect of planning.
  • Understanding this effect's development in children offers insights into cognitive maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of the end-state comfort effect in children aged 4 to 10 years.
  • To examine how task constraints influence children's sensitivity to end-state comfort.
  • To explore the development of advanced planning processes in object manipulation tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments using a unimanual bar transport task were conducted.
  • Participants included children aged 6, 8, and 10 years, compared to adults.
  • Task variations included object type (bar, pencil) and precision requirements.

Main Results:

  • 10-year-olds showed adult-like sensitivity to end-state comfort; 8-year-olds were less sensitive than 6-year-olds in Experiment 1.
  • Sensitivity to end-state comfort was not developed during a single session for any age group.
  • Increased task precision in Experiment 2 enhanced end-state comfort sensitivity in 8-year-olds, but not younger children.

Conclusions:

  • Sensitivity to end-state comfort develops significantly between ages 6 and 10.
  • Task constraints, particularly precision, can facilitate the manifestation of end-state comfort in 8-year-olds.
  • These findings illuminate the development of planning and response selection in children's object manipulation.