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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
07:39

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock

Published on: August 16, 2021

Advanced heart failure treated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device.

Mark S Slaughter1, Joseph G Rogers, Carmelo A Milano

  • 1Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA. mark.slaughter@louisville.edu

The New England Journal of Medicine
|November 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) significantly improve survival free from stroke and device failure in advanced heart failure patients compared to pulsatile-flow devices. Both CF-LVADs and pulsatile-flow devices enhance quality of life and functional capacity.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
07:39

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Published on: August 16, 2021

Use of Two Intracorporeal Ventricular Assist Devices As a Total Artificial Heart
08:49

Use of Two Intracorporeal Ventricular Assist Devices As a Total Artificial Heart

Published on: May 11, 2018

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
07:27

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Published on: July 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Advanced heart failure patients benefit from left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) over medical therapy.
  • Continuous-flow LVADs offer potential advantages in size and durability over older pulsatile-flow models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of continuous-flow LVADs versus pulsatile-flow LVADs in patients with advanced heart failure ineligible for transplantation.
  • To evaluate the primary composite end point of survival free from disabling stroke and device reoperation at 2 years.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized trial comparing continuous-flow LVADs (134 patients) to pulsatile-flow LVADs (66 patients) in a 2:1 ratio.
  • Patients were ineligible for heart transplantation.
  • Primary composite end point assessed at 2 years; secondary end points included survival, adverse events, quality of life, and functional capacity.

Main Results:

  • The primary composite end point was achieved in 46% of continuous-flow LVAD patients versus 11% of pulsatile-flow LVAD patients (P<0.001).
  • Continuous-flow LVADs demonstrated superior 2-year actuarial survival rates (58% vs. 24%, P=0.008).
  • Fewer adverse events and device replacements were observed with continuous-flow LVADs; both device types improved quality of life and function.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous-flow LVADs significantly improve the probability of survival free from stroke and device failure at 2 years compared to pulsatile-flow LVADs in advanced heart failure.
  • Both continuous-flow and pulsatile-flow LVADs lead to significant improvements in quality of life and functional capacity.