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Related Concept Videos

Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
Ureters01:22

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
Anastomoses01:19

Anastomoses

In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
Anastomoses can be formed at arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels.
Arterial Anastomosis: These occur between arteries. They are most common in...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula
06:12

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Published on: July 11, 2013

Ureteroarterial fistula.

D H Kim1, A Mahdy, V Mundra

  • 1Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd. Weston, FL 33331, USA.

Case Reports in Medicine
|November 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ureteral-iliac artery fistula (UIAF) is a rare cause of hematuria, often linked to ureteral stents. Endovascular stenting is a minimally invasive treatment that effectively manages UIAF by addressing both arterial and ureteral issues.

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A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula
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Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Published on: July 11, 2013

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
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Published on: April 1, 2022

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
14:05

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: December 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Urology
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Ureteral-iliac artery fistula (UIAF) is a rare but life-threatening condition causing hematuria.
  • Increased use of ureteral stents contributes to the rising incidence of UIAF.

Observation:

  • A 68-year-old female with a history of rectal cancer surgery and a retained ureteral stent presented with gross hematuria.
  • CT imaging revealed a recurrent pelvic mass and the retained stent. Cystoscopy showed a normal bladder, but stent removal triggered brisk bleeding from the ureteral orifice.

Findings:

  • Antegrade pyelogram confirmed a UIAF.
  • Angiography demonstrated the fistula, and a covered stent was successfully placed.

Implications:

  • UIAF management requires addressing both arterial and ureteral components.
  • Endovascular stenting offers a minimally invasive approach, correcting the bleeding source while preserving distal blood flow, making it a preferred therapeutic option.