Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tick-borne bacterial and protozoal pathogens in horses in Austria - A cross-sectional study on current and past infections and potential risk factors.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases·2026
Same author

Herd-level occurrence and spread of Theileria equi and its associated ticks on an Austrian horse farm.

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports·2026
Same author

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) concept paper on the efficacy evaluation of parasite vaccines.

Veterinary parasitology·2026
Same author

Floppy rabbit syndrome: A retrospective study of clinicopathological data and outcomes.

The Veterinary record·2026
Same author

Maternal vaccination with gamete-related antigens of Cystoisospora suis reduces clinical effects and oocyst excretion in an experimental model of suckling piglet coccidiosis.

International journal for parasitology·2026
Same author

Fasciola hepatica in alpine dairy farming: prevalence trends, risk factors and associations with Salmonella Dublin seropositivity.

BMC veterinary research·2026
Same journal

Validating a point-of-care test for Toxoplasma gondii infection in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis).

Parasitology research·2026
Same journal

Vector-borne pathogen evaluation and phylogenetic analysis in working K9 dogs in Iraq: implications for canine and public health.

Parasitology research·2026
Same journal

Two key Actinomycetota taxa in the human gut microbiota are associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection burden.

Parasitology research·2026
Same journal

Gastrointestinal parasites circulating in wild boars from central Italy and molecular characterization of Balantioides coli, Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.

Parasitology research·2026
Same journal

G6PD deficiency and the exportome of plasmodium falciparum FCB-2: a comparative analysis utilizing one-dimensional blue-native electrophoresis and timstof mass spectrometry.

Parasitology research·2026
Same journal

First record of the parasite fauna of Serrasalmus geryi Jegú & Santos, 1988 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) and ecological implications of its invasion in a Neotropical floodplain.

Parasitology research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits
06:46

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits.

Frank Künzel1, Anja Joachim

  • 1Clinical Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. Frank.Kuenzel@vetmeduni.ac.at

Parasitology Research
|November 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Encephalitozoon cuniculi infections in rabbits are increasingly severe, affecting the nervous system, kidneys, and eyes. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this opportunistic pathogen.

More Related Videos

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits
10:25

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits

Published on: March 27, 2021

A Versatile Model of Hard Tick Infestation on Laboratory Rabbits
05:38

A Versatile Model of Hard Tick Infestation on Laboratory Rabbits

Published on: October 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits
06:46

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits
10:25

Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits

Published on: March 27, 2021

A Versatile Model of Hard Tick Infestation on Laboratory Rabbits
05:38

A Versatile Model of Hard Tick Infestation on Laboratory Rabbits

Published on: October 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an opportunistic microsporidian parasite affecting various mammals, with rabbits as a primary host.
  • While often sub-clinical, E. cuniculi infections are increasingly causing severe disease in pet rabbits.
  • Key target organs include the central nervous system, kidneys, and eyes, leading to specific pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of encephalitozoonosis in rabbits.
  • To cover epidemiology, pathology, pathophysiology, immunology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of definitive diagnosis for effective treatment and zoonotic risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing knowledge.
  • Information was gathered from relevant scientific literature.
  • The review covers multiple facets of E. cuniculi infection in rabbits.

Main Results:

  • E. cuniculi causes granulomatous meningoencephalitis, chronic interstitial nephritis, and phacoclastic uveitis in rabbits.
  • Definitive in vivo diagnosis of encephalitozoonosis remains challenging.
  • Understanding the disease is critical for managing affected rabbits and potential zoonotic transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Encephalitozoonosis is a significant concern in pet rabbits, necessitating thorough understanding and diagnosis.
  • Effective management requires knowledge of the parasite's epidemiology, pathology, and immunology.
  • Further research into diagnostic methods and treatment protocols is warranted.