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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...
Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

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Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes
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Interstitial cell migration: integrin-dependent and alternative adhesion mechanisms.

Samuel Schmidt1, Peter Friedl

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.

Cell and Tissue Research
|November 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell adhesion molecules, including integrins and other receptors, are crucial for cell migration. This review examines how these systems coordinate to guide cell movement in various environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cell adhesion and migration are fundamental processes in multicellular organisms, essential for development, tissue maintenance, and repair.
  • Integrins are key transmembrane receptors mediating dynamic interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the actin cytoskeleton, crucial for cell migration.
  • Beyond integrins, other adhesion systems like syndecans, CD44, and discoidin domain receptors also play vital roles in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal coupling, and intracellular signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of different ECM adhesion systems on cell migration in 2D and 3D models.
  • To discuss the hierarchical organization and specific functions of these adhesion systems during cell migration.
  • To explore the contribution of these concurrent adhesion systems to migration within complex, multi-ligand 3D tissue environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cell migration models (2D and 3D).
  • Analysis of the roles of integrins, syndecans, CD44, and discoidin domain receptors in cell adhesion and migration.
  • Discussion of the interplay between different adhesion systems and their signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Integrins, syndecans, CD44, and discoidin domain receptors collectively regulate cell adhesion and migration by linking the ECM to the cytoskeleton.
  • These adhesion systems exhibit a hierarchy, with distinct roles in coordinating ligand binding, cytoskeletal coupling, and signal transduction.
  • The interplay of these systems is critical for effective cell migration in complex 3D tissue environments with multiple ECM ligands.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple adhesion systems, not just integrins, are essential for orchestrating cell migration.
  • Understanding the hierarchy and coordinated functions of these systems is key to comprehending cell movement in physiological and pathological contexts.
  • Further research into these systems will illuminate mechanisms underlying tissue development, repair, and disease progression.