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Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

[Complete ureteral triplication--an anatomic rarity].

E Reichenbach-Klinke¹, M Menninger, S Subotic

¹Klinikum Kempten-Oberallgäu, Urologische Abteilung. ekkehard.reichenbach-klinke@klinikum-kempten.de

Aktuelle Urologie

|November 19, 2009

Summary

A rare case of complete ureter triplication, a urinary tract malformation, was found in a septic patient. Surgical resection of the obstructed ureter was successfully performed.

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Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

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Published on: November 22, 2019

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: December 20, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: December 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Urology
Medical Imaging
Surgical Case Reports

Background:

Ureteral duplications are common congenital urinary tract anomalies.
Complete ureter triplication is an exceptionally rare malformation.

Observation:

A 26-year-old female presented with septic disorder and right-sided hydronephrosis.
CT scan revealed a ureter triplex with an obstructed mega-ureter.

Findings:

Percutaneous drainage of the infected renal pelvis was performed.
Successful surgical resection of the obstructed mega-ureter and non-functional moiety was achieved.

Implications:

This case highlights an extremely rare urinary tract anomaly.
It demonstrates a viable treatment approach for ureter triplication with obstruction.