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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

Depressive disorder and thyroid axis functioning during pregnancy.

Robertas Bunevicius1, Laima Kusminskas, Narseta Mickuviene

  • 1Institute of Psychophysiology and Rehabilitation, Kaunas University of Medicine, LT-00135 Palanga, Lithuania. rob@ktl.mii.lt

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
|November 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal depression is linked to thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hyperthyroidism, in late pregnancy. This association suggests thyroid function evaluation during gestation is important for pregnancy outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Depression and thyroid dysfunction are common conditions affecting women, including during pregnancy.
  • Gestational depression can negatively impact pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between depressive disorder and thyroid function during pregnancy.
  • To assess thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in relation to depression.

Main Methods:

  • 199 pregnant women were evaluated three times during gestation.
  • Assessed for depressive disorder, TSH, and FT4 concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Depressive disorder prevalence was 6.5% (early), 3.0% (mid), and 3.5% (late) pregnancy.
  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism was observed in 23% (early), 5% (mid), and 6% (late) pregnancy.
  • Late pregnancy: depressed women had higher FT4, lower TSH, and increased subclinical hyperthyroidism compared to non-depressed women.

Conclusions:

  • An association exists between thyroid dysfunction and depression in late pregnancy.
  • Evaluation of thyroid function during pregnancy is recommended due to potential impacts on pregnancy outcomes.