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Related Concept Videos

Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...

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Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation for Investigating Endocytic Recycling in Mammalian Cells
05:13

Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation for Investigating Endocytic Recycling in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 30, 2021

Sorting out endosomes in the WASH.

James E Bear1

  • 1HHMI, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. jbear@email.unc.edu

Developmental Cell
|November 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

WASH protein activates Arp2/3 on endosomes, crucial for endosome sorting. This discovery clarifies the mechanism of tubule fission in cellular transport.

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Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation for Investigating Endocytic Recycling in Mammalian Cells
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A Magnetic Separation-Assisted High-Speed Homogenization Method for Large-Scale Production of Endosome-Derived Vesicles
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of intracellular transport
  • Endosome dynamics

Background:

  • Endosome sorting is vital for cellular function, involving the formation and transport of vesicles.
  • The precise molecular machinery governing endosome tubule fission has remained incompletely understood.

Discussion:

  • Two new studies identify Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homolog (WASH) as a key regulator of endosome tubule fission.
  • WASH facilitates the activation of the Arp2/3 complex specifically on endosomal membranes.

Key Insights:

  • WASH-mediated Arp2/3 activation drives the formation of actin networks essential for tubule fission.
  • This process is critical for generating transport intermediates during endosome sorting.

Outlook:

  • Further research into WASH and Arp2/3 interactions may reveal therapeutic targets for diseases involving endosomal trafficking defects.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into fundamental cellular processes and cytoskeletal regulation.