Finite element modelling of paediatric head impact: global validation against experimental data

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Computational Engineering
• Pediatric Injury Research

Background:

• Human head biomechanics is extensively studied using engineering and finite element (FE) methods.
• Biofidelic FE models are validated experimentally to predict head trauma and derive injury tolerance limits.
• Ethical constraints limit experimental testing on pediatric populations, hindering direct FE model validation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a novel finite element (FE) model of a newborn head.
• To simulate the biomechanical response of a pediatric head to trauma.
• To investigate pediatric skull fracture mechanisms using a validated FE model.

Main Methods:

• Development of a new finite element (FE) model representing a newborn head's anatomical features.
• Incorporation of material properties from existing literature.
• Global validation of the FE model against experimental data, focusing on skull deflection.

Main Results:

• A biofidelic finite element (FE) model of a newborn head was successfully developed.
• The model demonstrated good correlation with experimental data for skull deflection.
• The validated model was utilized to simulate pediatric skull fractures resulting from head trauma.

Conclusions:

• The proposed finite element (FE) model offers a viable tool for studying pediatric head injury biomechanics.
• This model can contribute to understanding injury mechanisms and developing protective strategies for newborns.
• Further research can refine the model for enhanced prediction of pediatric head trauma outcomes.