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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Assess and interpret the visual fields at the bedside.

S A Cooper¹, R A Metcalfe

¹Specialist Registrar in Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.

Practical Neurology

|November 20, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neurologists can effectively assess visual fields at the bedside using basic anatomy and physiology. This guide details techniques for identifying visual field defects, recommending a red pin over the "waggling finger" method.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Ophthalmology
Neuroscience

Background:

Bedside visual field assessment is crucial for neurologists.
Understanding visual pathway anatomy and physiology aids targeted examination.
Common visual field defects result from specific lesions within the visual pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

To review bedside techniques for identifying common visual field defects.
To emphasize the importance of anatomical and physiological principles in visual field testing.
To advocate for specific tools and methods in bedside visual field assessment.

Main Methods:

Review of anatomical and physiological principles of the visual pathway.
Description of bedside techniques for visual field testing.
Categorization of visual field defects based on lesion location.

Main Results:

Specific patterns of visual loss correlate with damage at different sites in the visual pathway.
A red pin is recommended for more accurate visual field testing.
The "waggling finger" technique is discouraged due to its lack of precision.

Conclusions:

Bedside visual field assessment is an important neurological skill.
Applying anatomical and physiological knowledge enhances diagnostic yield.
Standardized techniques and appropriate tools improve the accuracy of visual field testing.