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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
Published on: January 29, 2018
SUMOylation and deSUMOylation at a glance
1Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Journal of Cell Science
|November 20, 2009
Summary
No abstract available in PubMed .
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
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These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Phosphorylation
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
The Proteasome
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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