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Related Concept Videos

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the subthalamic...
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
19:57

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Published on: August 5, 2017

Caudate nucleus is critically involved in trace eyeblink conditioning.

Luke C Flores1, John F Disterhoft

  • 1Department of Physiology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. lukeflores2011@u.northwestern.edu

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The caudate nucleus (CN) is essential for learning trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) in rabbits. Neuronal activity in the CN changes during learning, showing its critical role in this associative task.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • The basal ganglia, including the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), are crucial for motor control.
  • Trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is a forebrain-dependent associative learning task requiring a time gap between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the caudate nucleus (CN) is essential for acquiring trace EBC.
  • To investigate learning-related neuronal activity changes within the CN during trace EBC.

Main Methods:

  • Bilateral lesions of the CN in rabbits to assess its necessity for trace EBC acquisition.
  • Single-unit recordings in the CN to monitor neuronal activity during trace EBC training.

Main Results:

  • CN lesions prevented rabbits from acquiring trace EBC, confirming its essential role.
  • Medium spiny neurons showed strong responses to the conditioned stimulus (CS) early in training.
  • Cholinergic interneurons exhibited altered responsiveness to the CS and changes during the trace interval post-learning.

Conclusions:

  • The caudate nucleus is indispensable for the acquisition of trace EBC.
  • Specific neuronal populations within the CN undergo activity modifications that correlate with learning progression in trace EBC.